Pengantar Tenses
Tenses adalah adalah jamak dari kata tense yang artinya masa atau kala. Jadi ketika kita berbicara tentang tenses maka kita berbicara tentang waktu. Dalam bahasa Inggris, memperhatikan waktu dalam berkomunikasi adalah hal yang penting sebab waktu akan menunjukkan apakah tindakan atau peristiwa itu sudah terjadi, sedang terjadi, atau akan terjadi. Dan kata kerja yang merupakan jantung dari kalimat akan mengalami perubahan bentuk sesuai dengan waktu kejadian. Dan berikut ini disajikan rumus lengkap dari 16 tenses yang ada.
Present Tense
Keterangan pada table: yang ditulis miring adalah bagian yang boleh ada atau boleh tidak.
| Simple Present Tense | + | S + V1 (s/es) + complement S + to be (am/is/are) + complement |
| – | S + do/does + not + V1 + complement S + to be + not + complement |
|
| ? | Do/does + S + V1 + complement + ? To be + S + complement + ? WH + do/does + S + V1 + complement ? WH + to be + S + complement + ? |
|
| Present Continuous Tense | + | S + to be (am/is/are) + Ving + complement |
| – | S + to be + not + Ving + complement | |
| ? | To be + S + Ving + complement + ? WH + to be + S + Ving + complement + ? |
|
| Present Perfect Tense | + | S + have/has + V3 + complement |
| – | S + have/has + not + V3 + complement | |
| ? | Have/has + S + V3 + complement + ? WH + S + have/has + V3 + complement + ? |
|
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense | + | S + have/has + Been + Ving + complement |
| – | S + have/has + not + been + Ving + complement | |
| ? | Have/has + been + S + Ving + complement + ? WH + S + have/has + been + Ving + complement + ? |
Complement: objek, adjective, adverb
Past Tense
| Simple Past Tense | + | S + V2 + complement S + to be (was/were) + complement |
| – | S + did + not + V1 + complement S + to be (was/were) + not + complement |
|
| ? | Did + S + V1 + complement + ? To be (was/were) + S + complement + ? WH + did + S + V1 + complement + ? WH + to be + S + complement + ? |
|
| Past Continuous Tense | + | S + to be (was/were) + Ving + complement |
| – | S + to be + not + Ving + complement | |
| ? | To be + S + Ving + complement + ? WH + to be + S + Ving + complement + ? |
|
| Past Perfect Tense | + | S + had + V3 + complement |
| – | S + had + not + V3 + complement | |
| ? | Had + S + V3 + complement + ? WH + S + had + V3 + complement + ? |
|
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense | + | S + had + Been + Ving + complement |
| – | S + had + not + been + Ving + complement | |
| ? | Had + been + S + Ving + complement + ? WH + S + had + been + Ving + complement + ? |
Future Tense
| Future Tense | + | S + will + V1 + complement S + will + be + complement |
| – | S + will + not + V1 S + will + not + be + complement |
|
| ? | Will + S + V1 + complement + ? Will + S + be + complement + ? WH + will + S + V1 + complement + ? WH + will + S + be + complement + ? |
|
| Future Continuous Tense | + | S + will + been + Ving + complement |
| – | S + will + not + been + Ving + complement | |
| ? | Will + S + been + Ving + complement + ? WH + will + S + been + Ving + complement + ? |
|
| Future Perfect Tense | + | S + will + have + V3 + complement |
| – | S + will + have+ not + V3 + complement | |
| ? | Will + S + have + V3 + complement + ? WH + will + S + have + V3 + complement + ? |
|
| Future Perfect Continuous Tense | + | S + will + Have + Been + Ving + complement |
| – | S + will + have + not + been + Ving + complement | |
| ? | Will + S + have + been + Ving + complement + ? WH + will + S + have + been + Ving + complement + ? |
Will dapat diganti dengan shall namun biasanya hanya untuk subjek I.
Past Future Tense
| Future Tense | + | S + would + V2 + complement S + would + be + complement |
| – | S + would + not + V2 S + would + be + compliment |
|
| ? | Would + S + V1 + complement + ? Would + S + be + complement + ? WH + would + S + V1 ? |
|
| Future Continuous Tense | + | S + would + been + Ving + complement |
| – | S + would + not + been + Ving | |
| ? | Would + been + S + Ving ? WH + would + been + S + Ving ? |
|
| Future Perfect Tense | + | S + would + have + V3 |
| – | S + would + have+ not + V3 | |
| ? | Would + S + have + V3 ? WH + would + have + S + V3 ? |
|
| Future Perfect Continuous Tense | + | S + would + Have + Been + Ving |
| – | S + would + have + not + been + Ving | |
| ? | Would + S + have + been + Ving ? WH + would + S + have + been + Ving ? |
